US scientists have unveiled the dynamic impact of marine heatwaves on ocean predators, shedding light on both habitat loss and expansion.

Using computer simulations and data from tagged animals, the team investigated four significant marine heatwaves occurring in the Northeast Pacific in 2014, 2015, 2019, and 2020, studying 14 marine predators, including sharks, whales, seals, and turtles.

The results revealed a diverse response among these apex predators. 

The 2015 heatwave, for instance, nearly wiped out the habitats of bluefin tuna and blue sharks. In contrast, the 2019 heatwave saw California sea lions and elephant seals doubling their habitats.

Furthermore, the research unveiled a fascinating phenomenon of species crossing national boundaries during these heatwaves. 

The USA witnessed an influx of species from Mexican waters, including valuable bluefin and yellowfin tuna, during the 2014 and 2015 heatwaves.

The predictability of predator responses during marine heatwaves presents an opportunity to develop an early warning system for ocean management. 

Similar to weather forecasts, this tool could aid in anticipating predator movements in response to such events, helping nations adapt and potentially capitalise on shifting resources.

As climate change continues to affect marine ecosystems, understanding short-term responses to episodic events like marine heatwaves is critical for proactive socio-ecological management. 

The research by Heather Welch and her team provides valuable insights into this complex puzzle, offering a glimpse into the ever-evolving world of ocean predators.